Chapter 20 — Indicators for Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Other Metal Ions

Table of Contents 

Section 20.1 — Introduction to Ca{2+} Measurements with Fluorescent Indicators 

• Selection Criteria for Fluorescent Ca²⁺ Indicators
• Reference Guides for Using Fluorescent Ca²⁺ Indicators
• Product List

Section 20.2 — Fluorescent Ca{2+} Indicators Excited with UV Light 

• Fura-2, Indo-1 and Derivatives
• Fura-2 and Indo-1
• Fura-2 Calcium Imaging Calibration Kit
• Bis-Fura-2: Brighter Signal with Lower Affinity for Ca²⁺
• Quin-2 and Quin-2 AM
• Indicators with Intermediate Calcium-Binding Affinity
• Fura-4F, Fura-5F and Fura-6F
• Fura-FF
• Indo-5F
• Low-Affinity Calcium Indicators
• BTC
• Mag-Fura-2, Mag-Fura-5 and Mag-Indo-1
• Data Table
• Product List

Section 20.3 — Fluorescent Ca{2+} Indicators Excited with Visible Light 

• Fluo-3, Fluo-4, Rhod-2 and Related Derivatives
• Fluo-3
• Fluo-4
• Rhod-2 and X-Rhod-1
• Low-Affinity Calcium Indicators Based on Fluo-3 and Rhod-2
• Fluo-5F, Fluo-4FF, Fluo-5N and Mag-Fluo-4
• Rhod-5N
• Rhod-FF, X-Rhod-5F and X-Rhod-FF
• Indicators of Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ Transients
• Calcium Green, Calcium Orange and Calcium Crimson Indicators
• Calcium Green-1 and Calcium Green-2 Indicators
• Calcium Orange and Calcium Crimson Indicators
• Calcium Green-5N and Magnesium Green: Low-Affinity Ca²⁺ Indicators
• Oregon Green 488 BAPTA Indicators
• Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-1 and Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-2
• Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-6F and Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-5N
• Fura Red Indicator
• Calcein
• Data Table
• Product List

Section 20.4 — Fluorescent Ca{2+} Indicator Conjugates 

• Dextran Conjugates
• Fura and Indo Dextrans
• Calcium Green, Oregon Green 488 BAPTA and Fluo-4 Dextrans
• Lipophilic Derivatives for Detecting Near-Membrane Calcium
• Fura-C₁₈ and Fura-FF-C₁₈
• Calcium Green-C₁₈
• Data Table
• Product List

Section 20.5 — Aequorin: A Bioluminescent Ca{2+} Indicator 

• Properties and Applications of Aequorin
• Recombinant Aequorin
• Coelenterazine and Its Synthetic Analogs
• Data Table
• Product List

Section 20.6 — Fluorescent Mg{2+} Indicators 

• Magnesium Indicators Excited by UV Light
• Mag-Fura-2, Mag-Fura-5 and Mag-Indo-1
• Magnesium Indicators Excited by Visible Light
• Magnesium Green Indicator
• Mag-Fluo-4
• Data Table
• Product List

Section 20.7 — Fluorescent Indicators for Zn{2+} and Other Metal Ions 

• Applications of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ Indicators for Detection of Zn²⁺ and Other Metals
• Indicators for Zinc
• FuraZin-1, IndoZin-1, FluoZin-1 and Related Indicators
• FluoZin-3 Indicator
• Newport Green DCF and Newport Green PDX Indicators
• TSQ
• Traditional Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ Indicators as Zn²⁺ Indicators
• Indicators for Copper
• Phen Green FL for Cu²⁺
• Traditional Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ Indicators as Cu²⁺ Indicators
• Indicators for Iron
• Phen Green FL and Phen Green SK
• Calcein
• Indicators for Mercury, Lead, Barium and Cadmium
• Phen Green FL and Phen Green SK
• BTC-5N
• Traditional Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ Indicators as Ba²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ Indicators
• Indicators for Nickel and Cobalt
• Newport Green Indicators
• Luminol: An Ultrasensitive Indicator for Co²⁺
• Traditional Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ Indicators as Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺ Indicators
• Indicators for Aluminum
• Indicators for Lanthanides
• Naphthoyltrifluoroacetone
• Traditional Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ Indicators as Lanthanide Indicators
• Data Table
• Product List

Section 20.8 — Chelators, Calibration Buffers, Ionophores and Cell-Loading Reagents 

• Caged Calcium and Caged Calcium Chelators
• Nitrophenyl EGTA: A Superior Caged-Calcium Reagent
• DMNP-EDTA
• Photoactivatable Calcium Scavengers
• Nonfluorescent Chelators
• BAPTA and BAPTA AM
• Other BAPTA Derivatives
• BAPTA Acetoxymethyl Esters
• EGTA AM
• DTPA Isothiocyanate
• Calcium Sponge Polymer
• TPEN
• Calcium Calibration Buffer Kits
• Calcium Calibration Buffer Kits for High- to Moderate-Affinity Ca²⁺ Indicators
• Calcium Calibration Buffer Kits with Magnesium
• Calcium Calibration Buffer Kit for Low-Affinity Ca²⁺ Indicators
• Fura-2 Calcium Imaging Calibration Kit
• Influx Pinocytic Cell-Loading Reagent
• Loading P2X₇ Receptor–Expressing Cells
• Ionophores
• A-23187 and 4-Bromo A-23187
• Caged 4-Bromo A-23187
• Ionomycin
• Pyrithione
• Pluronic F-127: A Useful Dispersing Reagent
• Reagents for Investigating Calcium Modulation and Second Messenger Activity
• Data Table
• Product List